From interviews to a PivotTable: a practice activity

Part 1 about 10 minutes

Read the study first

Know what the interviews are about before you open any program. The software is easier when the content is familiar.

The participants

The four interview questions

1. What is your biggest challenge in balancing your teaching job and your graduate studies?
2. Who or what helps you the most?
3. How do you cope when the workload becomes too heavy?
4. What would make it easier for teacher-graduate students like you?

The transcripts

Tap a name to read it. You will download these same files in Part 2.

The codebook: the 11 tags you will use

Each tag name has a category, a full stop, then the code. For example, chal.time means category chal (challenges), code time. The full stop matters: you will split on it in Excel.

Part 2 about 10 minutes

Get the files ready

Put everything for this activity in one folder, so you always know where your files are.

1. 1

   Make a folder on your Desktop

   1. Go to your Desktop (the screen you see when all windows are closed).
   2. Right-click on an empty space. A small menu appears.
   3. Point to New, then click Folder.
   4. Type Taguette-Activity and press Enter.

   You should see

   A new folder named Taguette-Activity on your Desktop.

   If your screen looks different

   If you clicked away before typing the name, the folder is called New folder. Right-click it, choose Rename, and type the name.

2. 2

   Download the six transcripts

   1. Click each of the six buttons below, one at a time.
   2. If your browser asks where to save, choose the Taguette-Activity folder on your Desktop.
   3. If it does not ask, the files go to your Downloads folder. Open File Explorer (the yellow folder icon on the taskbar), click Downloads, select the six files, and drag them into Taguette-Activity.

   S01_Masters_Female.txtS02_Doctoral_Male.txtS03_Masters_Male.txtS04_Doctoral_Female.txtS05_Masters_Female.txtS06_Doctoral_Male.txt

   The six download buttons are on the online version: https://michaeltup.github.io/Taguette-Excel-Activity/

   You should see

   Six files in your Taguette-Activity folder.

3. 3

   Check the six file names

   1. Open the Taguette-Activity folder.
   2. Compare each name with the list below. They must match exactly.

   File name	Means
   S01_Masters_Female.txt	S01, Master’s student, Female
   S02_Doctoral_Male.txt	S02, Doctoral student, Male
   S03_Masters_Male.txt	S03, Master’s student, Male
   S04_Doctoral_Female.txt	S04, Doctoral student, Female
   S05_Masters_Female.txt	S05, Master’s student, Female
   S06_Doctoral_Male.txt	S06, Doctoral student, Male

   Why this matters. Each name has three parts separated by underscores: Participant_Program_Sex. Taguette cannot store a person’s program or sex anywhere else, so the name carries them. In Part 8, Excel splits the name back into three columns.

   If your screen looks different

   If a file name ends in (1), you downloaded it twice. Delete the copy with (1).

Part 3 about 10 minutes

Start Taguette and create the project

A project holds your transcripts, your tags and your coding together.

1. 4

   Open Taguette

   1. Click the Start button (bottom left of the screen).
   2. Type Taguette and press Enter.
   3. Wait. A black window opens first, then your web browser opens by itself.

   

   You should see

   A page that says Welcome! with two blue choices.

   Why this matters. The black window is Taguette itself. Do not close it while you work. The browser only shows the screen.

   If your screen looks different

   If the browser says the page cannot be reached, the black window was closed. Open Taguette again. Do not type the address yourself: Taguette needs a secret code in the address, which it adds automatically.

2. 5

   Click Create a new project

   1. Click Create a new project (red box above).

   You should see

   A page titled New project with two boxes: Name and Description.

3. 6

   Type the project name and description, then click Create

   1. In box 1 (Name), type: Work and Graduate Studies
   2. In box 2 (Description), type a short note about the project. You can copy the one below.
   3. Click the blue Create button (box 3).

   

   DescriptionPractice activity: experiences of teacher-graduate students. Document names: ID_Program_Sex. Tag names: category.codeCopy

   You should see

   Your project page opens.

4. 7

   Learn the three tabs

   1. Look at the left side. There are three tabs: Project info, Documents and Highlights.

   

   You should see

   An empty project: no documents yet.

   Why this matters. Documents holds your transcripts. Highlights holds your tags and coded passages. Project info is where you export and back up.

Part 4 about 15 minutes

Create the tags

You will type the 11 tags from the codebook. Creating them first means you choose from a list while coding, instead of inventing names.

1. 8

   Open the Highlights tab

   1. Click Highlights on the left (the boxed tab in the last picture).

   

   You should see

   One tag called interesting, and the buttons See all highlights and Create a tag.

2. 9

   Create your first tag

   1. Click Create a tag.
   2. In box 1, type the tag name: chal.time
   3. In box 2, type its meaning. Copy it from the table in the next step.
   4. Click Save & Close (box 3).

   

   You should see

   The window closes and chal.time appears in the list.

   If your screen looks different

   Type the tag name in small letters, with one full stop and no spaces. Chal. Time is wrong; chal.time is right.

3. 10

   Create the other 10 tags

   1. Repeat Step 9 for every tag below. Use the Copy buttons, then paste with Ctrl+V.

   

   chal.timechal.timeCopy

   Meaning: Not enough time. The person says there are not enough hours for work, classes and requirements. Copy meaning

   chal.fatiguechal.fatigueCopy

   Meaning: Tiredness. The person describes physical or mental exhaustion, sleepiness, or getting sick. Copy meaning

   chal.financechal.financeCopy

   Meaning: Money problems. The person mentions tuition, fees, books, loans, or other costs. Copy meaning

   chal.familychal.familyCopy

   Meaning: Family duties. The person has less time for family, or family responsibilities compete with studies. Copy meaning

   sup.familysup.familyCopy

   Meaning: Help from family. A family member helps, understands, or encourages the person. Copy meaning

   sup.peerssup.peersCopy

   Meaning: Help from classmates or co-teachers. Classmates, co-teachers or fellow students help or support the person. Copy meaning

   sup.workplacesup.workplaceCopy

   Meaning: Help from the school. The principal or school adjusts schedules, gives permission, or allows leave. Copy meaning

   cope.planningcope.planningCopy

   Meaning: Planning and scheduling. The person uses schedules, planners, calendars, deadlines, or small goals. Copy meaning

   cope.restcope.restCopy

   Meaning: Rest and recharge. The person rests, sleeps, takes breaks, naps, or does hobbies. Copy meaning

   sug.flexibilitysug.flexibilityCopy

   Meaning: Flexible classes. The person suggests online, hybrid, weekend, or more flexible class schedules. Copy meaning

   sug.assistancesug.assistanceCopy

   Meaning: Financial help or study leave. The person suggests scholarships, financial support, or study leave. Copy meaning

   You should see

   12 tags in the list: your 11, plus interesting. Each shows the number 0.

4. 11

   Delete the tag called interesting

   1. Click the Edit button beside interesting.
   2. In the window that opens, click the red Delete tag button.
   3. If the browser asks Are you sure?, click OK.

   You should see

   Exactly 11 tags remain.

   Why this matters. It is not part of the codebook. If you leave it, someone may use it by accident, and it will appear in your exports.

Part 5 about 15 minutes

Import the transcripts

Importing copies each transcript into Taguette. Your original files are not changed.

1. 12

   Open the Add a document window

   1. Click the Documents tab.
   2. Click the blue Add a document button.

   You should see

   A window titled Add a document.

2. 13

   Choose the file

   1. Click Choose File (box 2 in the picture below).
   2. A window opens. Click Desktop on the left, then open Taguette-Activity.
   3. Click S01_Masters_Female.txt, then click Open.

   

   You should see

   The file name appears beside Choose File.

3. 14

   Type the name, then click Import

   1. Click in box 1 and type: S01_Masters_Female (no .txt).
   2. In the large box below, you may type Masters, Female. This is optional.
   3. Click Import (box 3). Wait a few seconds.

   You should see

   The window closes. S01_Masters_Female appears in the list on the left.

   If your screen looks different

   If an error appears, check that the black Taguette window is still open. Then try again.

4. 15

   Import the other five

   1. Repeat Steps 12 to 14 for S02 to S06. Type each name carefully.

   

   File to choose	Name to type
   S01_Masters_Female.txt	S01_Masters_Female
   S02_Doctoral_Male.txt	S02_Doctoral_Male
   S03_Masters_Male.txt	S03_Masters_Male
   S04_Doctoral_Female.txt	S04_Doctoral_Female
   S05_Masters_Female.txt	S05_Masters_Female
   S06_Doctoral_Male.txt	S06_Doctoral_Male

   You should see

   Six documents in the list, from S01 to S06.

Part 6 about 35 minutes

Code the transcripts

Coding means selecting a statement and attaching a tag to it. You will repeat four actions: select, click, tick, save.

1. 16

   Open the first transcript and read it

   1. Click S01_Masters_Female in the list.
   2. Read the whole transcript once before you highlight anything.

   

   Why this matters. Reading first helps you code consistently. If you start tagging from the first line, you tend to tag the first transcript more heavily than the last.

2. 17

   Select the first statement

   1. Find this sentence in the Q1 answer: Time is my biggest problem.
   2. Put the mouse just before Time. Hold the left button down, drag to the full stop after problem, and let go.
   3. A small button new highlight appears under your selection (box).

   

   If your screen looks different

   No button? You probably clicked instead of dragging. Try again, holding the mouse button down while you move. Tip: after selecting, you can also press the N key.

3. 18

   Click new highlight, tick the tag, save

   1. Click new highlight.
   2. In the window titled Highlight, tick chal.time (box 1).
   3. Click Save & Close (box 2).

   

   

   You should see

   The sentence turns yellow. You have coded your first statement.

4. 19

   Code the rest of S01

   1. Read each answer and look for statements that match a tag.
   2. For each one: select it, click new highlight, tick one tag, Save & Close.
   3. Select only the statement, usually one sentence, not the whole answer.

   S01 has 8 statements to code in total, including the one you already did. The table below tells you how many to look for in each transcript, so you know when you are done.

   Participant	Statements to code	Per question
   S01	8	Q1: 3, Q2: 2, Q3: 1, Q4: 2
   S02	6	Q1: 2, Q2: 2, Q3: 1, Q4: 1
   S03	8	Q1: 3, Q2: 2, Q3: 1, Q4: 2
   S04	9	Q1: 4, Q2: 1, Q3: 2, Q4: 2
   S05	7	Q1: 3, Q2: 2, Q3: 1, Q4: 1
   S06	7	Q1: 3, Q2: 2, Q3: 1, Q4: 1

   Why this matters. Selecting one sentence keeps each highlight about one idea. A whole answer can contain three different ideas.

5. 20

   Code S02 to S06

   1. Click each transcript in turn and repeat the same actions.
   2. Use the codebook in Part 1 when you are unsure.

   You should see

   Yellow statements in all six transcripts. 45 highlights in total.

6. 21

   Check your counts

   1. Click the Highlights tab.
   2. Each tag shows a number beside it. Compare with the table.

   

   Tag	Expected count
   chal.family	4
   chal.fatigue	4
   chal.finance	4
   chal.time	6
   cope.planning	4
   cope.rest	3
   sug.assistance	4
   sug.flexibility	5
   sup.family	4
   sup.peers	4
   sup.workplace	3
   Total	45

   Why this matters. Your numbers may differ by one or two. That is normal: two people rarely code exactly the same. A big difference means you skipped a transcript or used the wrong tag.

   If your screen looks different

   To fix a highlight, click on the yellow text. The same Highlight window opens: change the tick, or click the red Delete highlight button.

7. 22

   See every statement under one tag

   1. Click a tag name, for example chal.finance.

   

   You should see

   Four statements about money, from four different people, on one screen.

   Why this matters. This is the main reason to use Taguette: finding all similar statements in one click, instead of re-reading every transcript.

8. 23

   Find statements you have not coded

   1. Open any transcript in the Documents tab.
   2. Tick Backlight (bottom left, under the document list).

   

   You should see

   Your highlights stay bright. Everything else turns grey, so missed statements are easy to spot.

Part 7 about 10 minutes

Export your work

Taguette cannot count or make tables. You export the coded statements to Excel for that.

1. 24

   Open See all highlights

   1. Click the Highlights tab.
   2. Click See all highlights.

   You should see

   A long list of all 45 coded statements.

2. 25

   Export to Excel

   1. Click Export this view (top right).
   2. Click Excel (box).
   3. If your browser asks where to save, choose your Taguette-Activity folder. Otherwise the file goes to Downloads: move it into your folder.

   

   You should see

   An Excel file in your folder. Its name begins with highlights.

3. 26

   Back up the whole project

   1. Click the Project info tab.
   2. Click Export project (box). Save the file in your folder.

   

   You should see

   A file ending in .sqlite3 in your folder. This file is also what you submit.

   Why this matters. This one file holds your documents, tags and coding. You can open it again on any computer: on the Taguette welcome page, choose Import a project file.

4. 27

   Close Taguette properly

   1. Close the browser tab first.
   2. Then close the black Taguette window.

   Why this matters. Closing only the browser tab leaves Taguette running in the background.

Part 8 about 20 minutes

Prepare the data in Excel

You will split the document name and the tag into separate columns. This is called delimiting: cutting text wherever a chosen character appears.

1. 28

   Open the exported file and save a copy

   1. Double-click the exported Excel file in your folder.
   2. If a yellow bar says Enable Editing, click it.
   3. Click File, then Save As. Choose your folder, name it Activity-YourName, and choose the type Excel Workbook (*.xlsx). Click Save.

   	A	B	C	D
   1	id	document	tag	content
   2	1	S01_Masters_Female	chal.time	Time is my biggest problem.
   3	2	S01_Masters_Female	chal.fatigue	Sometimes I am so tired…

   You should see

   The file is open with four columns: id, document, tag, content.

2. 29

   Make room for the split: insert two empty columns after document

   1. Right-click the letter C at the top of column C.
   2. Click Insert.
   3. Do it once more: right-click C again, click Insert.

   ABCD

   • Cut
   • Copy
   • Paste Options
   • Insert
   • Delete
   • Clear Contents

   You should see

   Two empty columns, C and D. The tag column has moved to E.

   Why this matters. Splitting B into three pieces needs two empty columns to its right. Without them, Excel would write over the tag column.

3. 30

   Select column B and open Text to Columns

   1. Click the letter B at the top. The whole column turns grey.
   2. Click the Data tab at the top of Excel.
   3. Click Text to Columns.

   FileHomeInsertDataReview

   SortFilterText to ColumnsRemove Duplicates

   You should see

   A window called Convert Text to Columns Wizard – Step 1 of 3.

4. 31

   Step 1 of the wizard: choose Delimited

   1. Click Delimited.
   2. Click Next.

   Convert Text to Columns Wizard - Step 1 of 3

   ◉ Delimited - characters such as commas or tabs separate each field

   ○ Fixed width

   CancelNext >

   Why this matters. Delimited means: cut wherever a certain character appears. Our names are cut at the underscore.

5. 32

   Step 2 of the wizard: split at the underscore, then Finish

   1. Untick Tab.
   2. Tick Other.
   3. In the small box beside Other, type an underscore: Shift + - gives _
   4. Look at the preview at the bottom: you should see three columns.
   5. Click Finish.

   Convert Text to Columns Wizard - Step 2 of 3

   Delimiters

   ☐ Tab   ☐ Semicolon   ☐ Comma   ☐ Space

   ☑ Other: _

   documentS01MastersFemaleS02DoctoralMale

   Cancel< BackFinish

   You should see

   Column B now shows S01, column C Masters or Doctoral, column D Female or Male.

   If your screen looks different

   If Excel asks There’s already data here. Do you want to replace it?, click Cancel. You did not insert two empty columns. Go back to Step 29.

6. 33

   Rename the three headings

   1. Click cell B1, type Participant, press Enter.
   2. Click C1, type Program, press Enter.
   3. Click D1, type Sex, press Enter.

   You should see

   Headings: id, Participant, Program, Sex, tag, content.

7. 34

   Check for the .txt problem

   1. Look down column D (Sex).
   2. If any cell says Female.txt or Male.txt, fix it: click the letter D, press Ctrl+H.
   3. In Find what, type .txt. Leave Replace with empty. Click Replace All, then Close.

   You should see

   Column D shows only Female and Male.

   Why this matters. This happens when a document was imported with the Name box left empty (Part 5). If you leave it, Excel counts Female and Female.txt as two different groups.

8. 35

   Split the tag at the full stop

   1. Right-click the letter F and click Insert. (One empty column is enough: the tag splits into two.)
   2. Click the letter E (the tag column).
   3. Data tab, Text to Columns, Delimited, Next.
   4. Untick everything, tick Other, type a full stop . in its box, click Finish.
   5. Rename E1 to Category and F1 to Code.

   You should see

   Column E shows chal, sup, cope or sug. Column F shows time, family, peers, and so on.

9. 36

   Turn the data into a Table

   1. Click any cell with data, for example B2.
   2. Press Ctrl+T. A small window appears; make sure My table has headers is ticked. Click OK.
   3. Save the file: Ctrl+S.

   Your first rows should now look like this:

   id	Participant	Program	Sex	Category	Code	content
   1	S01	Masters	Female	chal	time	Time is my biggest problem.
   2	S01	Masters	Female	chal	fatigue	Sometimes I am so tired that I fall asleep…
   3	S01	Masters	Female	chal	finance	Paying for my tuition is also hard because…
   4	S01	Masters	Female	sup	family	My mother helps me a lot.
   5	S01	Masters	Female	sup	peers	My classmates also share their notes when …

   You should see

   Colored stripes and small arrow buttons on the headings. 45 rows of data.

   Why this matters. A Table keeps all your rows together, so the PivotTable in the next part picks up everything automatically.

Part 9 about 25 minutes

Make the PivotTables

A PivotTable counts rows for you. You choose what to group by, and Excel builds the table in a second.

1. 37

   Insert a PivotTable, and tick the Data Model box

   1. Click any cell inside your Table.
   2. Click the Insert tab, then PivotTable. In newer Excel, click From Table/Range.
   3. Leave New Worksheet selected.
   4. Tick Add this data to the Data Model. Then click OK.

   PivotTable from table or range

   Table/Range: Table1

   ◉ New Worksheet   ○ Existing Worksheet

   ☑ Add this data to the Data Model

   CancelOK

   You should see

   A new sheet with an empty PivotTable on the left and a panel called PivotTable Fields on the right.

   If your screen looks different

   No Data Model box? You may be using Excel for Mac or Excel online. Continue anyway; Step 40 explains what to do.

2. 38

   Learn the PivotTable Fields panel

   1. At the top of the panel are your column names.
   2. At the bottom are four boxes: Filters, Columns, Rows, Values.

   PivotTable Fields

   ☐ id☐ Participant☐ Program☐ Sex☑ Category☑ Code☐ content

   Filtersnarrows the whole table

   Columnsgroups across the top

   RowsCategorygroups down the side

   ValuesCount of Codewhat is counted

   Why this matters. Every PivotTable is just a choice of what goes into these four boxes.

3. 39

   Count statements per category

   1. Point at Category, hold the mouse button, drag it into the Rows box, let go.
   2. Drag Code into the Values box.

   Row Labels	Count of Code
   chal	18
   cope	7
   sug	9
   sup	11
   Grand Total	45

   You should see

   Four categories with their counts. Challenges is the largest with 18.

   Why this matters. The count is the number of coded statements, not the number of people. One person can say two challenges.

4. 40

   Count people instead of statements

   1. Drag Participant into Values, below Count of Code.
   2. Click the small arrow on Count of Participant, then Value Field Settings.
   3. Scroll the list and choose Distinct Count. Click OK.

   Value Field Settings

   Summarize value field by

   SumCountAverageMaxMinDistinct Count

   CancelOK

   Row Labels	Count of Code	Distinct Count of Participant
   chal	18	6
   cope	7	6
   sug	9	6
   sup	11	6
   Grand Total	45	6

   You should see

   Every category shows 6 people: all six participants said something in every category.

   Why this matters. This is the difference between how much was said (18 challenge statements) and how many people said it (6). In research writing, report the people first.

   If your screen looks different

   If Distinct Count is missing, the Data Model box was not ticked in Step 37. Make the PivotTable again and tick it. On Mac or Excel online, skip this step: in this practice data each person has each code at most once, so at code level, Count of Code already equals the number of people.

5. 41

   Open each category into its codes

   1. Remove Distinct Count of Participant: drag it out of the Values box back to the list.
   2. Drag Code into the Rows box, below Category.

   Row Labels	Count of Code
   chal	18
   family	4
   fatigue	4
   finance	4
   time	6
   cope	7
   planning	4
   rest	3
   sug	9
   assistance	4
   flexibility	5
   sup	11
   family	4
   peers	4
   workplace	3
   Grand Total	45

   You should see

   Each category with its codes listed under it. time has 6: every participant said they lack time.

   Why this matters. Click the small minus sign beside a category to hide its codes, and the plus sign to show them again.

6. 42

   Compare Master’s and Doctoral students

   1. Drag Program into the Columns box.

   Row Labels	Doctoral	Masters
   chal	9	9
   family	3	1
   fatigue	2	2
   finance	1	3
   time	3	3
   cope	4	3
   planning	3	1
   rest	1	2
   sug	4	5
   assistance	1	3
   flexibility	3	2
   sup	5	6
   family	2	2
   peers	1	3
   workplace	2	1

   You should see

   Two columns of numbers, one per program. Excel puts them in alphabetical order: Doctoral first, then Masters.

   Why this matters. Look at chal first: 9 and 9, no difference. Now look inside it: finance is Doctoral 1, Masters 3, but family is Doctoral 3, Masters 1. The difference was hidden inside the category. That is why you opened the codes in the last step.

7. 43

   Filter by sex

   1. Drag Sex into the Filters box.
   2. Above the PivotTable, click the small arrow beside (All). Choose Female, click OK.
   3. Look at the numbers, then set it back to (All).

   You should see

   The table shows only the three female participants, then all six again.

8. 44

   See the actual statements behind a number

   1. Find the row finance under the Masters column. It shows 3.
   2. Double-click that 3.

   You should see

   Excel opens a new sheet with the 3 statements behind that number, with their content.

   Why this matters. Every number in a PivotTable is made of real statements. Use this to find quotes for your report. Delete the extra sheet afterwards: right-click its tab, then Delete.

9. 45

   Optional: make a chart

   1. Click inside the PivotTable.
   2. Click the PivotTable Analyze tab (or Analyze), then PivotChart.
   3. Choose Clustered Column, click OK.

   You should see

   A bar chart that changes whenever you change the PivotTable.

10. 46

    Check your PivotTable with the one on this page

    1. Use the practice PivotTable below. Choose the same Rows, Columns and Values you used in Excel.
    2. Your numbers should match. If they differ by one or two, it is your coding, which is normal.

    RowsCategoryCodeParticipantProgramSexColumns(none)ProgramSexCategoryValuesCount of CodeDistinct Count of ParticipantFilter: Sex(All)FemaleMale

    Click any number to see the statements behind it, like double-clicking in Excel.

Part 10 about 15 minutes

Interpret the results

Numbers are not findings. A finding is a sentence that explains what the numbers mean, honestly.

1. 47

   Answer five questions from your PivotTables

   1. Write your answers on paper or in a new Excel sheet.

   1. Which challenge did every participant mention?
   2. Which challenge was mentioned more by Master’s students?
   3. Which challenge was mentioned more by Doctoral students?
   4. Which support did Master’s students rely on more?
   5. Which coping strategy did Doctoral students use more?

   Show the answers

   1. Lack of time (chal.time): 6 of 6.
   2. Money problems (finance): 3 of 3 Master’s, 1 of 3 Doctoral.
   3. Family duties (family): 3 of 3 Doctoral, 1 of 3 Master’s.
   4. Classmates or co-teachers (peers): 3 of 3 Master’s, 1 of 3 Doctoral.
   5. Planning and scheduling: 3 of 3 Doctoral, 1 of 3 Master’s.
2. 48

   Write a short interpretation

   1. Write three to five sentences about what you found. Use the starter sentences below if you like.

   Starter sentences

   All six participants …
   Among the Master’s students, … while among the Doctoral students, …
   This may be because …
   However, with only three participants in each group, …

   Why this matters. Two rules. Write the people, not percentages: say three of the three, not 100%, because 100% of three people sounds like a survey. Do not generalize: six hypothetical participants describe only themselves.

3. 49

   Compare with a model answer

   1. Read yours first, then open the model.

   Show a model interpretation

   All six participants described a lack of time as their main challenge in balancing teaching and graduate studies. The other challenges differed by program. All three Master’s students mentioned money problems such as tuition and fees, and they relied more on classmates and co-teachers for support. All three Doctoral students mentioned family duties, and they coped mainly through careful planning. This may reflect their stage of life: the Master’s students were younger and earlier in their careers, while the Doctoral students were older with more family responsibilities. However, with only three participants in each group, these patterns describe these six teachers only and cannot be generalized.

Part 11 about 5 minutes

Submit your work

Check everything before you send it.

How it will be checked

Part 12

Help and answer keys

Problems people actually run into, and the full coding key.